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Introduction of CLED Agar CLED stands for cysteine, lactose and electrolyte- deficient. CLED agar or medium is a differential culture medium using for isolation and enumeration of bacteria in urine specimen from the suspected cases of urinary tract infection (UTI). It favors the growth of all potential urinary pathogens as well as a number of contaminants such as diphtheroid, lactobacilli, and micrococci. Candida also enjoys this medium. This is a sole medium alternate for routine urine...

Introduction of Mannitol salt agar (MSA) Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is a selective, differential, and indicator medium which is used to isolate and identify S. aureus from the clinical specimens. Other Staphylococcus species and Micrococcus also grow on this medium. Selective due to is very high salt (7.5%) compared with other media Gram-Positive Staphylococcus: not fermenting mannitol, the medium does not change color (e.g.  epidermidis whereas Staphylococcus aureus yellow color colonies) Gram Positive Streptococcus: No growth and also Gram-Negative:...

History  and Introduction of Mueller Hinton Agar The name Mueller Hinton agar(MHA) is from the surname of co-developers microbiologist John Howard Mueller and veterinary scientist Jane Hilton at Harvard University as a culture for gonococcus and meningococcus, who published the method in 1941. It is a non-selective and non-differential medium. In 1966, Bauer et al. adopted MHA for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Later Muller Hinton agar (MHA) was adopted as the common medium to use for routine antibiotics...