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Introduction of Mouse Footpad Inoculation Mouse Footpad Inoculation or mouse footpad injection is an important route of inoculation in mice models of disease and immunology.  Mouse Footpad Injection or inoculation is a common experiment in Leprosy.  As Mycobacterium leprae cannot be cultured in-vitro but does grow on the footpads of mice, a conventional mouse colony was introduced to perform culture and sensitivity testing of M. leprae. In 1982 a nude mice colony was introduced to facilitate new drug trials for leprosy. Swiss...

PDA Test PDA stands for phenylalanine deaminase and PDA test positive and negative are as shown above image. It uses in the differentiation of gram-negative enteric bacilli based on the ability of the microorganisms to produce phenyl pyruvic acid by oxidative deamination. The deamination of phenylalanine by oxidative enzymes results in the formation of phenyl pyruvic acid. After incubation, an aqueous solution of ferric chloride is added. If phenyl pyruvic acid is present, a light to deep green...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) Rapid IgM and IgG Test Hepatitis A virus or HAV rapid test is used for detection of immunoglobulin G(IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) of past and present infection respectively as shown above picture. Hepatitis A is an acute, usually self-limiting disease of the liver caused by HAV.  It is transmitted from person to person, primarily by the feco-oral route. The incidence of hepatitis A is closely related to socioeconomic development, and seroepidemiological studies...