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Pantoea-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynote

Pantoea-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynote Introduction Pantoea is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Interestingly, it thrives in diverse environments, including plants, soil, and water. Moreover, Pantoea species show adaptability as opportunistic pathogens in humans. They primarily infect immunocompromised individuals, often causing bloodstream or wound infections. Notably, it disperses through hospital environments via contaminated medical equipment or fluids. Additionally, its identification relies on biochemical and molecular techniques for accurate differentiation from related bacteria. Importantly, Pantoea species exhibit multidrug resistance,...

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Indeterminate Result of Rifampicin Resistance (rpoB gene)-Introduction, Possible Reasons, Solution, and Keynotes

Indeterminate Result of Rifampicin Resistance (rpo B gene)-Introduction, Possible Reasons, Solution, and Keynotes Introduction The detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily based on identifying mutations in the rpoB gene, which encodes the β-subunit of RNA polymerase. This gene is critical for rifampicin binding, and mutations in its rifampicin resistance-determining region (RRDR) are strongly associated with resistance. An indeterminate result in rifampicin resistance testing typically indicates that the diagnostic test, such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF or other molecular assays, could not definitively confirm whether the sample contains rifampicin-resistant...

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Nocardia – Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Nocardia – Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes Introduction Nocardia is a genus of aerobic, gram-positive, and partially acid-fast bacteria found in soil and water. These bacteria play a significant role in the degradation of organic matter in the environment. They are known to cause opportunistic infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. While most species are nonpathogenic, some, such as Nocardia asteroides and N.  brasiliensis, are associated with nocardiosis. This disease affects the lungs, skin, and central nervous system. Furthermore, nocardiosis is often...

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