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Methyl Red (MR) Test Methyl Red test is for enteric gram-negative rods, as part of identification to species level. Principle of Methyl Red Test The methyl red (MR) test uses to determine if an organism is able to produce stable acid end products from glucose fermentation Methyl red indicator (red color below pH 4.4; yellow color at pH 5.8) uses to determine the pH after an enteric gram-negative rod has fermented glucose to completion. All members...

Introduction of  Nitrate/Nitrite Reduction Test of Bacteria The nitrate/Nitrite reduction test uses to determine the ability of an organism to reduce nitrate to nitrite and to Identify the different methods that nitrate can be reduced by the organism. Anaerobic metabolism requires an electron acceptor other than atmospheric oxygen. Many gram-negative bacteria use nitrate as the final electron acceptor. The nitrate reduction test is a test that determines the production of an enzyme called nitrate reductase, which results in...

Bence Jones (B-J) protein Bence Jones protein is the light chain of immunoglobulins. It is observable in urine in the case of plasma cell cancer (multiple myeloma). Introduction of Bence Jones Protein Bence Jones protein consists of dimers of either kappa or lambda (K/λ) light chains from immunoglobulins (IgS). The molecular weight is very small  about 44,000 Dalton, hence it is usually filtered through the normal glomerulus . It was first described by Henry Bence Jones in...