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Introduction of Hot air oven A hot air oven is the most common method of sterilization in the laboratory working on dry heat. Sterilization is the process of removing or destroying all microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and their spores from the article or surface without destroying their quality and quantity. It is a physical method of sterilization due to dry heat. Factors influencing sterilization by heat are nature of heat i.e dry or moist, temperature and time,...

Introduction of ELISA ELISA stands for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. It comes under antigen and antibody reaction test and is useful for identification of antigen or antibody of following specimens serum, urine, CSF, sputum, semen, supernatant of culture, stool, etc. It is also applicable for qualitative as well as quantitative determination of antigen or antibody. In qualitative test determines antigen or antibody is present or absent whereas in quantitative determines the quantity of the antibody in titer...

Introduction and principle of Brucella agglutination test Brucella agglutination test is a serological test for brucellosis. Other serological tests for brucellosis are the Standard  Agglutination test, 2 Marceptoethanol (2ME) Agglutination test, Coombs’ test, Complement fixation, Radioimmunoassay, ELISA, and Rose bengal test. Standard agglutination test is very useful because blood culture may not demonstrate the organism for many weeks,  the Brucella agglutinin determinations can support a presumptive diagnosis of acute brucellosis. Isolation of the organism, usually from...