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Introduction of TPHA Test TPHA test  stands for Treponema pallidum haemagglutination. This is a confirmatory test for syphilis causative agent Treponema pallidum. TPHA test is a sensitive indirect haemagglutination test, that detects specific Treponema pallidum antibodies in serum within one hour. It uses in combination, the VDRL(Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test) or RPR  ( rapid plasma reagin) and TPHA tests provide accurate and reliable confirmation of active syphilis infection.No specialized equipment is required and results are clearly visible...

Introduction of VDRL Test VDRL test stands for Veneral disease research laboratory. The laboratory was renamed the Treponemal Pathogenesis and Immunology Branch of the United States Public Health Service. The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test is one of two variations of micro flocculation procedures used for serological testing of syphilis. Flocculation testing is based on antibody detection with the interaction of soluble antigen with an antibody that results in a precipitate formation of fine particles. The VDRL can...

 Introduction of Widal Test Widal test is an agglutination test employed in the serological diagnosis of enteric fever. It is also applicable in febrile agglutinins tests. The test is named after Georges Fernand Isidore Widal, a French physician and bacteriologist. Salmonella antibody starts appearing in the serum at the end of the first week and rises sharply during the third week of enteric fever. This test measures agglutinating antibody levels against O and H antigens. Principle...