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Ziehl-Neelsen Stain for Mycobacterium leprae: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Keynotes
Introduction of Ziehl-Neelsen Stain for Mycobacterium leprae To demonstrate the presence of the causative organism, M. leprae, in the patient’s body to conform Leprosy also called Hansen disease. Principle of Ziehl-Neelsen Stain The presence of higher alcohol, glycerol, fatty acid and especially mycolic acid in the cell wall has been found responsible for keeping the acid-fast property of bacteria. Therefore, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain (AFB stain) is useful for Mycobacterium leprae, an etiological agent of Hansen disease. Requirements for Ziehl-Neelsen Stain...
Urine Pregnancy Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Keynotes
Introduction of Urine Pregnancy Test Pregnancy can be confirmed in the laboratory by taking urine samples as well as blood (serum). In both specimens, there is the presence of a hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). It is a glycoprotein hormone. The Urine pregnancy test (UPT) is simple, rapid, and easy to perform even in your home. HCG appears in the urine of pregnant women within 2 weeks, after the first missed menstrual cycle. UPT works on...
Du Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Clinical Significance
Introduction of Du Test Du test helps to distinguish true Rho (D) negative from Du positive. Du is the weak expression of the RhD antigen (Du) and is widely used to describe cells that have a quantitative reduction in the expression of their RhD antigen. Principle of Du Test Red blood cells that react weakly or not at all in direct agglutination test with anti-D may react with anti-D on the presence of Coomb reagent incubating at...