Blog
Pap Stain: Introduction, Principle, Staining Procedure, Result Interpretation and Keynotes
Intrdouction of Pap Stain Pap stain was named after the three letters of the surname of developer George Papanicolaou in 1942 and was routinely used for cytological stain. It is the most common staining of the cellular components in the smear of exfoliated cells, vaginal, cervical, prostate secretion, pleural fluid, spinal fluid, etc. A Pap smear is the standard method for cytological examination of a smear from the female genital tract. Principle of Pap Stain The...
Treponema pallidum: Introduction, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Introduction of Treponema pallidum Fritz Schaudinn (1871-1906) and Paul E. Hoffmann (1868-1959) discovered T. pallidum in serum in 1905 and 93 years later, in 1998 scientists sequenced the genome of the Treponema Pallidum. Trepo = turm, nema= thread Commensals treponemes T. microdentium is found in the mouth as a part of normal flora T. mucosum is found in genitalia as a part of normal flora. Pathogenic treponemas: Venereal syphilis and endemic syphilis are caused by T....
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation, Clinical Significance and Keynotes
Introduction of Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)Test Antinuclear antibody (ANA)test is a type of blood test in which serum tested for autoantibodies ( SLE) directed against native deoxyribonucleic acid and other nuclear constituents are produced. It involves a variety of tissues and is associated with a wide range of antibodies in the circulation. Characteristics of the disease are antibodies against native DNA, nucleoprotein, denatured DNA, and other affects a wide range of tissues. The organs affected are, in decreasing incidence,...