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Acid-Fast Stain: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Keynotes
Introduction of Acid-Fast Stain This acid-fast bacillus in brief is called AFB. Acid-Fast Stain or Ziehl-Neelsen Acid-Fast Stain is a modification of Ehrlich's (1882) method. Ziehl-Neelsen Stain name is from the surnames of German doctors, bacteriologist Franz Ziehl(1859-1926), and pathologist Friedrich Neelsen (1854-1898). Principle of Acid-Fast Stain The presence of higher alcohol, glycerol, fatty acid, and especially mycolic acid in the cell wall has been found responsible for keeping the acid-fast property of bacteria. Therefore, AFB...
Citrate Test: Principle, Procedure, Result and Interpretation, Citrate Utilization Test Positive Bacteria and keynotes
Principle of Citrate Test A citrate test or citrate utilization test is used to determine the ability of an organism to utilize sodium citrate as its only carbon source and inorganic ammonium salts as its only nitrogen source. When the bacteria metabolize citrate, the ammonium salts are broken down to ammonia, which increases alkalinity turning the bromthymol blue indicator from green to blue. Requirements for Test Simmons citrate agar slant Cotton plug Sterile Inoculating wire/ sticks Test...
Motility, Urease, Indole Test: Uses, Principle, Composition, Procedure, Result Interpretation and keynotes
Use of Motility, Urease, Indole Test MIU stands for Motility Indole Urease. Motility, Urease, Indole Test is useful for the identification of gram-negative bacilli especially bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae. Three tests in a single tube that helps to differentiate the organisms on the basis of motility, urease, and indole production. Principle of Motility, Urease, Indole Test The test organisms in MIU agar after incubation show either diffused growth or turbidity extending away from the stab inoculation line in the case of...