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Treponema pallidum Haemagglutination (TPHA) Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Clinical Significance
Introduction of Treponema pallidum Haemagglutination (TPHA) Test TPHA test stands for Treponema pallidum haemagglutination. Treponema pallidum Haemagglutination (TPHA) test is a confirmatory test for syphilis causative agent Treponema pallidum. TPHA test is a sensitive indirect haemagglutination test, that detects specific Treponema pallidum antibodies in serum within one hour. It uses in combination, the VDRL(Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test) or RPR ( rapid plasma reagin) and TPHA tests provide accurate and reliable confirmation of active syphilis infection.No specialized equipment is required and results are clearly...
Giardia lamblia: Introduction, Morphology, Life cycle, Pathogenecity, Lab Diagnosis and Treatment
Introduction of Giardia lamblia Giardia is a genus of anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasites of the phylum metamonad that colonies and reproduce in the small intestines of several vertebrates, causing giardiasis. Their life cycle alternates between a swimming trophozoite and an infective, resistant cyst. Giardia were first described by the Dutch micrscopist Antonie van Leuwenhoek in 1681. The genus is named after French zoologist Alfred Mathieu Gird. Giardia lamblia is also known as: Giardia intestinalis or Lamblia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis. Geographical distribution: It is...
Entamoeba histolytica: Introduction, Morphology, Life cycle, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis and Treatment
Introduction of Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba histolytica is an invasive enteric protozoan parasite that is the cause of amebiasis. It derives its name from its ability to lyse virtually every tissue in the human body and in the bodies of experimental animals. Habitat of Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica resides in the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine of man. Morphology of Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba histolytica exists in 3 morphological forms Trophozoite Pre-cyst Cyst – uninucleate, binucleate, and quadrinucleate Trophozoite It is the...