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Chalmydiae are non - motile, gram- negative obligate intracellular bacteria. They contains both RNA and DNA. They multiply within the cytoplasm of host cells, which form characteristic intracellular inclusion bodies. They can be seen with light microscope after staining with Giemsa stain better with Castaneda, Machiavello or Giminez stains. They contain better with Castaneda, Machiavello or Giminez stains. They contain glycogen matrix. They cal also be demonstrated yb Immunofluorescence tets. The cell wall structure of Chalmydiae is close to Gram - negative bacteria. They are susceptible to Tetracycline. They have restricted metabolic activities. None of these metabolic reaction can synthesize the energy . Therefore , they have been considered as energy parasite that they use the ATP produced by the host cells for their own requirements. — Chalmydiae: Introduction, Morphology,Life Cycle,Pathogenecity, Lab Diagnosis and Treatment
Introduction of Chlamydiae Chlamydiae are non - motile, gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria....

Fusarium species are large group of filamentous fungi belonging to the hyphomycetes. They are commonly distributed in the soil they are saprophytic fungi and are plant pathogens and thus causing a wide range of plant diseases. This is because of their ability to produce mycotoxins especially in cereal crops, that can cause disease in human and animal hosts if ingested. Fusarium species majorly produces fumonisins and trichothecenes mycotoxins. Infections due to Fusarium spp. are collectively referred to as fusariosis. Fusarium spp. do not commonly cause diseases in humans because some exist as commensals in the skin, but it has been found to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals with Clinical manifestation of Endophtalmitis Sinusitis Pneumonia Skin Involvement Fungemia Disseminated Infection Fusarium is one of the emerging causes of opportunistic mycoses. Where as in pant, plant disease are as follows-Fusarium head blight (FHB, Footrot (FR), root rot (RR), Crown rot (CR), Fusarium wilts ,Pokkah boeng on sugarcane and bakanae disease of rice. Animal diseases are equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) in horses and abdominal distress, diarrhea, cardiac insufficiency, emesis, and even death in pigs due to consumption of myotoxin. Medically Important Fusarium species are Fusarium solani is the most frequent species, accounting for about 50% of all infections, followed by F. oxysporum (~20%), F. verticillioidis and F. moniliforme. Other species include Fusarium dimerum, F. proliferatum, F. chlamidosporum, F. sacchari, F. nygamai, F. napiforme, F. antophilum and F. vasinfectum. — Fusarium species: General Characteristics, Pathogenesis, Clinical Findings, Laboratory Diagnosis,Treatment , Prevention and Control
General Characteristics of Fusarium species Fusarium species are a large group of...

Antimicrobial Agent and Therapy: An antimicrobial agent is a substance which inhibits microorganism and its use may food industry for packaging materials to enhance the shelf-life of packaged foods, by preserving the foods against microbial spoilage and hazardous food-borne microorganisms where as in therapy to get rid of the microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Therapies that kill microorganisms are called microbiocidal therapies and therapies that only inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called microbiostatic therapies. — Antimicrobial Agent: Therapy, Properties, Factors Influencing and Classification
Antimicrobial Agent and Therapy An antimicrobial agent is a substance that inhibits...

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Lactococcus: Introduction, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes