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Modified Hodge Test for Carbapenemase Detection: Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretations
Principle of Modified Hodge Test Modified Hodge Test (MHT) is a simple phenotypic test for the detection of the presence of carbapenemase enzyme in bacteria. A positive MHT test is observed most commonly in Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), Metallo beta-lactamase (MBL), and the SME-1 in Serratia marcescens. Modified Hodge Test (MHT) has been suggested as screening tests for carbapenemases. It is based on the inactivation of a carbapenem by carbapenemase-producing strains i.e.test isolate that enables a carbapenem -susceptible...
ADA Test : Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Normal Range and Clinical significance
Introduction of ADA Test ADA test is very useful for suspicious cases of tuberculosis, increased levels of ADA could facilitate diagnosis. ADA is an enzyme that primarily functions in our body in the development and maintenance of the immune system, and its stands for adenosine deaminase. ADA catalyzes the conversion of adenosine and 2’-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2’-deoxyinosine and is widely distributed in various tissues and cells. There are two isoforms, ADA1 and ADA2. ADA1 is widely expressed...
Strongyloides: Introduction,Life cycle, Morphology,Symptoms, Lab Diagnosis and Treatment
Introduction of Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloides stercoralisis a human pathogenic parasitic roundworm causing the disease strongyloidiasis. The Strongyloides stercoralis nematode can parasitize humans. The adult parasitic stage lives in tunnels in the mucosa of the small intestine. The genus Strongyloides contains 53 species. Geographic distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis This infection is associated with fecal contamination of soil or water. so, it is a very rare infection in developed economies than in developing S. stercoralis can be found in areas...