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Introduction of Milk Microbiology Milk can occasionally contain bacteria derived from three sources and they are from animals,from hands of milk handlers,from the environment. Milk borne pathogens pose a threat to the community so milk has present following Agents primarily of animal origin Agents primarily of human origin Animal origin milk disease: Tuberculosis, Brucellosis, Salmonellosis, Q fever, Staphylococcal and streptococcal infections Human origin disease: Typhoid and Paratyphoid fever, Shigellosis, Cholera, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli List of bacteria that can...

Introduction of Air Microbiology Study of living microbes suspended in air is simple called Air Microbiology. Transmission of airborne microorganisms-They are sprayed by normally coughing  and Sneezing. Air microorganisms are carried by dust particles and droplet nuclei.  Physical environment stress like desiccation, humidity, temperature, radiation.  Indoor air e.g. tubercle bacilli where as outdoor air are algae, protozoa, yeasts and molds. Mold spore are predominant, e.g Clasdosporium,  Alternaria,  Pullularia , Penicillium , Batrytis,  Stemphylium. Bacterial species are spore...

Introduction of Water Microbiology Drinking water is acceptable and fit for drinking when it is clear, colorless, odorless and without disagreeable taste. It should microscopically  be free from pathogenic organisms and thus water microbiology is useful. Bacterial flora in the aquatic environment Largely saprophytic organisms, some of which belong to the genera Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Flavobacterium, Chromobacterium, Acinetobacter,  Alcaligenes, etc. Biofilm development in streams, water pipe networks and industrial processes. Some opportunistic pathogens such as Legionella, may be...