universe84a

Introduction of AFB Staining This acid-fast bacilli in brief AFB staining or Ziehl-Neelsen staining method is a modification of Ehrlich's (1882) method. Its name is from the surnames of German doctors, bacteriologist Franz Ziehl(1859-1926), and pathologist Friedrich Neelsen (1854-1898). Principle of AFB Staining The presence of higher alcohol, glycerol, fatty acid, and especially mycolic acid in the cell wall has been found responsible for keeping the acid-fast property of bacteria. Therefore, AFB staining is useful for...

Introduction of Gram Stain Gram stain is a differential stain and therefore it uses to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was devised originally by a Danish bacteriologist, Hans Christian Joachim Gram (1884) as a method of staining bacteria in his laboratory. Principle of Gram stain The reaction is dependent on the permeability of the bacterial cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, to the dye–iodine complex. In Gram-positive bacteria, the crystal violet dye iodine complex combines to...

Introduction of  Semen analysis Semen is a grey opalescent fluid that forms at ejaculation. It consists of a suspension of spermatozoa in seminal plasma. Semen analysis uses to check the reproductive status of a person. It is necessary to note the following points while reporting for routine semen examination. Abstinence  days (Obtain the semen analysis  at least 3 days of abstinence from coitus) Method of sample collection Time and place of sample collection Collection and examination...