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Introduction of Gomori’s methenamine silver stain Gomori’s methenamine silver stain (GMS) is a Grocott’s modification that delineates fungal elements sharply in black against a pale green background. It is especially useful as a histopathological tool and for the detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci. Principle of Gomori’s methenamine silver stain The cellular walls of fungi are very thick and contain much more carbohydrates.  Chromic acid creates dialdehyde groups from the carbohydrates of the fungi cell walls with over oxidation and...

Introduction of DNA Microarray  Genes and their expression profiles were previously researched on a case-by-case basis. We can now look at numerous genes at once thanks to DNA microarray technology. It enables quantitative and qualitative comparisons of two cells' gene expression patterns. Definition of  DNA microarrays DNA chips are also referred to as arrays since they are arranged in a specific pattern. These chips are also known as gene chips and biochips. Each DNA fragment encoding...

Introduction of Pus, Ulcer Material, Skin Specimens Pus, Ulcer Material, Skin Specimens are common samples for microbiological examination in a tertiary care center set up like gram stain, culture, and sensitivity. Sample collection Abscess Container: Aerobic swab moistened with Stuart’s or Amie’s medium Patient preparation: Wipe the area with sterile saline or 70% alcohol. Swab along the leading edge of the wound. Transport to the laboratory: Within 24 hours at room temperature. Attention Pus from an abscess...