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Definition of Agglutination When a particulate antigen (agglutinogen) combines with its antibody (agglutinin) in the presence of electrolytes at a suitable temperature and pH, the particles are clumped or agglutinated. Agglutination is the aggregation of already insoluble particles or cells into larger clumps. Interaction between the antibody (Ab) and particulate antigen results in visible clumping called agglutination. Types of agglutination Slide agglutination e.g. Serotyping, blood grouping ( AB0 and Rh typing), and cross match Tube agglutination...

Proteus General Characteristic Proteus species are Gram-negative rods and facultative anaerobes. They are members of Enterobacteriaceae. They are motile due to peritrichous flagella, non encapsulated, non-spore-forming. They are most commonly found in the human intestinal tract as part of normal human intestinal flora as well as saprophytic and are widely distributed in nature. They are non-lactose fermenting (NLF). The main species of medical importance are P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris. They are opportunist pathogens and may cause...

Introduction of Vibrio cholerae Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Vibrio choleare is a Gram-negative, highly motile curved rod with a single polar flagellum and can tolerate alkaline media that kill most intestinal commensals, but it is sensitive to acid. It is a causative agent of cholera. Two serogroups of this organism are responsible for epidemic cholera and they are serogroup O1 and serogroup O139 (O139 is found only in Asia and is also called Bengal strain). This 'Vibrio cholerae...