Category: medical

Meningococcus: Introduction, Culture characteristics, Pathogenesis, Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment

Meningococcus is the common name of Neisseria meningitidis and causes meningitis (infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord) and bloodstream infections (bacteremia or septicemia). The genus Neisseria is named after the German bacteriologist Albert Neisser, who discovered Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the pathogen that causes the human disease gonorrhea in 1879. Later, in 1887 Weichselbaun isolated meningococcus from the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) of a patient. Meningococcus spreads through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions like spit (e.g. by living in close quarters, kissing). Antimicrobial agents as well as vaccine both are available to save life from this bacterial infections. Introduction of Meningococcus Meningococcus is the common name of Neisseria meningitidis...

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Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar : Introduction, Principle, Preparation, Test procedure, Colony characteristics and Limitations

Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar is a selective, differential and indicator medium for isolation of enteric pathogens.  It also supports the growth of more fastidious enteric organisms. XLD agar was developed by Taylor. It was especially designed to allow the growth of Shigella species, and is a proven medium for the isolation of this organism. It has also been found to be an excellent medium for isolating Salmonella species as well. Salmonella and Shigella species colony characteristics on XLD agar - Salmonella Typhi: Red colonies with black centre Salmonella Paratyphi: Only red colonies no black centre Above picture is showing growth of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi on XLD agar left to right respectively. Introduction of Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate...

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Deoxycholate Citrate Agar (DCA): Introduction, Principle, Composition, Test Procedure, Colony Characteristics and Uses

Deoxycholate Citrate Agar (DCA) is a  recommended medium for the isolation of enteric pathogens particularly Salmonella and Shigella species from clinical  as well food samples. DCA is a modification of Desoxycholate Agar formulated by Leifson. His original medium demonstrated improved recovery of intestinal pathogens from specimens containing normal intestinal flora by using citrates and sodium desoxycholate in specified amounts as inhibitors to gram-positive bacteria. Leifson modified his original medium by increasing the concentration of sodium citrate and sodium desoxycholate and found Desoxycholate Citrate Agar reliable for isolating many Salmonella and Shigella species. DCA  effectively isolates intestinal pathogens (Salmonella and Shigella species) by inhibiting coliforms and many Proteus species. Introduction of Deoxycholate Citrate Agar (DCA) Deoxycholate Citrate Agar (DCA)...

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