Category: medical

Fusarium species: General Characteristics, Pathogenesis, Clinical Findings, Laboratory Diagnosis,Treatment , Prevention and Control

Fusarium species are large group of filamentous fungi belonging to the hyphomycetes. They are  commonly distributed in the soil they are saprophytic fungi and are plant pathogens and thus causing a wide range of plant diseases. This is because of their ability to produce mycotoxins especially in cereal crops, that  can cause disease in human and animal hosts if ingested. Fusarium species majorly produces fumonisins and trichothecenes mycotoxins. Infections due to Fusarium spp. are collectively referred to as fusariosis. Fusarium spp. do not commonly cause diseases in humans because some exist as commensals in the skin, but it has been found to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals with Clinical manifestation of Endophtalmitis Sinusitis Pneumonia Skin Involvement Fungemia Disseminated Infection Fusarium is one of the emerging causes of opportunistic mycoses. Where as in pant, plant disease are as follows-Fusarium head blight (FHB, Footrot (FR), root rot (RR), Crown rot (CR), Fusarium wilts ,Pokkah boeng on sugarcane and bakanae disease of rice. Animal diseases are  equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) in horses and  abdominal distress, diarrhea, cardiac insufficiency, emesis, and even death in pigs due to consumption of myotoxin. Medically Important Fusarium species are Fusarium solani is the most frequent species, accounting for about 50% of all infections, followed by F. oxysporum (~20%), F. verticillioidis and F.  moniliforme. Other species include Fusarium dimerum, F.  proliferatum, F.  chlamidosporum, F.  sacchari, F.  nygamai, F. napiforme, F.  antophilum and F.  vasinfectum. General Characteristics of Fusarium species Fusarium species are a large...

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Antimicrobial Agent: Therapy, Properties, Factors Influencing and Classification

Antimicrobial Agent and Therapy: An antimicrobial agent is a substance which inhibits microorganism and its use may food industry for packaging materials to enhance the shelf-life of packaged foods, by preserving the foods against microbial spoilage and hazardous food-borne microorganisms where as in therapy to get rid of the  microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Therapies that kill microorganisms are called microbiocidal therapies and therapies that only inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called microbiostatic therapies. Antimicrobial Agent and Therapy An antimicrobial agent is a substance...

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST): Introduction, Methods, Procedure and Result Interpretation

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is a laboratory method for determining the susceptibility of organisms to therapy with antibiotics. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is usually carried out to determine which antibiotic / antmicrobial agent will be most successful in treating a microbial  infection in vivo. Antimicrobial  Susceptibility Testing (AST) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is a laboratory method...

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