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Introduction Acinetobacter ursingii is a Gram-negative, non-fermentative, opportunistic bacterium belonging to the genus Acinetobacter. It is an uncommon species compared to Acinetobacter baumannii, but it has been increasingly recognized in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Reported cases include bacteremia, septicemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections, particularly in immunocompromised or hospitalized patients. Morphology Gram Stain: Gram-negative coccobacilli, often appearing as short rods. Growth on Media: Grows well on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Colonies: smooth, opaque, circular, and...

Introduction of Fungal Identification by Artificial Intelligence (AI) Fungal infections represent a growing concern in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Conventional identification methods, including culture, microscopy, and biochemical testing, often require several days and may lack sensitivity or specificity for certain opportunistic fungi. Molecular techniques such as PCR and sequencing have improved accuracy but remain costly and time-consuming in routine practice. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI), encompassing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches, has emerged as a revolutionary tool to...

Introduction Glass beads are small, inert, spherical particles widely used in microbiology, molecular biology, and cell culture. Their smooth, durable surface and chemical stability make them suitable for disrupting tissues, homogenizing cells, and aiding in sterilization or agitation processes. Principle The principle of using glass beads is based on mechanical disruption and surface interaction. When combined with shaking, vortexing, or agitation, the beads collide with biological samples, breaking open cells or dispersing microbial clumps, thereby facilitating...