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Introduction The MinION Sequencer, developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), is a compact, portable, and real-time sequencing device that enables direct analysis of DNA and RNA molecules using nanopore technology. Unlike traditional sequencing systems, MinION detects nucleotide sequences by measuring changes in electrical current as nucleic acid strands pass through protein nanopores embedded in a membrane. It provides long-read sequencing, which is highly valuable for genome assembly, microbial identification, and mutation detection, including in fungi, bacteria,...

Introduction A Bio-Incubator is a laboratory device designed to provide a controlled environment of temperature, humidity, and time for the growth and maintenance of microbial cultures, cell lines, and biological reactions. It is an essential tool in microbiology, molecular biology, biotechnology, and clinical diagnostics. By maintaining specific incubation conditions, the bio-incubator ensures optimal enzymatic activity, microbial growth, and biochemical reactions crucial for experimental accuracy and reproducibility. Applications Microbial Culture Growth: Used for growing bacteria, fungi, and yeast...

Introduction A Fluorometer is a highly sensitive analytical instrument used to measure the intensity of fluorescent light emitted by a sample after excitation by a specific wavelength. In biological and biochemical laboratories, it is widely used to quantify nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), proteins, and fluorescent dyes with high accuracy. Compared to spectrophotometric methods, fluorometry offers greater sensitivity and selectivity, capable of detecting very low concentrations of biomolecules, making it indispensable in molecular biology, genetics, and clinical diagnostics....