Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate : Introduction, Uses and Its Mode of Action
Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate is in brief SPS, a synthetic polymer of anetholesulfonic acid i.e. a polyanionic detergent and its trade name Liquoid. Its uses in medical fields are of following purposes-
- Anticoagulant: An anticoagulant substance that inhibits clotting.
- Anticomplement: A substance that counteracts the action of a compliment.
- Antiphagocytic: An agent that stops phagocytic action.
- Antiaminoglycosidic antibiotics: A substance that ceases mode of action of aminoglycosidic antibiotics.
- Lyses blood cells and releases intracellular bacteria
- It also inactivates lysozyme and polymyxins.
- It inhibits the growth of the following organisms- Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Capnocytophaga spp.
SPS mode of action as anticoagulant
SPS is a homopolymer that uses as an anticoagulant and is commonly used in blood culture media for bacteria because it inhibits the antimicrobial activity of immune system components present in the blood. It inhibits the growth of some microorganisms, but this effect is often media-dependent and can be overcome by the addition of gelatin or lysed blood. It is a weaker anticoagulant than heparin, most likely due to inhibition of antithrombin III, but a stronger inducer of platelet aggregation. It has also been used to stabilize colloidal suspensions.
Use of SPS in blood culture system for recovering bacteria
SPS is a constituent in culture media used to grow bacteria from blood samples from patients suspected of bacteremia. It prevents the killing of bacteria by innate cellular and humoral factors. The effect of SPS is on the three complement activation pathways: the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways. SPS uses in growth media at concentrations from 0.3 to 0.5 mg/ml.
Bibliography
- Clinical Microbiology Procedure Handbook, Chief in editor H.D. Isenberg, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Publisher ASM (American Society for Microbiology), Washington DC.
- Mackie and Mc Cartney Practical Medical Microbiology. Editors: J.G. Colle, A.G. Fraser, B.P. Marmion, A. Simmous, 4th ed, Publisher Churchill Living Stone, New York, Melborne, Sans Franscisco 1996.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2832435/
- https://www.goldbio.com/product/2598/sodium-polyanetholesulfonate
- https://jcm.asm.org/content/45/4/1357