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  Enterobacteriaceae The family Enterobacteriaceae is a very large group of gram-negative bacteria that possess a number of common morphological and biochemical properties and similar DNA base compositions. The widely used systems for the classification of Enterobacteriaceae are Bergey's manual Kauffmann and Edward -Ewing. Even having certain differences, the general approach is the same. A family is a group of subdivisions or tribes and each tribe consists of one or more genera. Similarly, each genus consists...

Introduction of CSF Analysis As you know, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord. It is produced by the specialized ependymal cells in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations. This fluid is useful for diagnosis when the patient is suspected of meningitis either due to bacteria, virus, parasite, or even fungal infections. A clinician draws the CSF fluid in sterile...

Tincture of iodine Vs Povidone-iodine Tincture of Iodine is a weak iodine solution where as povidone iodine is strong iodine solution , both used as antiseptic solutions but povidone iodine  most common in use. Tincture of Iodine Tincture of iodine is  or  iodine tincture is the same thing. Weak iodine solution is an antiseptic. It is usually 2 to 7% elemental iodine, along with potassium iodide (KI) or sodium iodide (NaI), dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and...