Atlas of Bacteria
The name ‘ Atlas of Bacteria’ is given even due to the vast spectrum of bacteriology but puny collection and another thing are that only an epic center collection of my authentical performance. So, please if you have benefited from this atlas, let others know about it too and share them through social media.
List of Bacteria
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Staphylococcus species (CoNS)
- Micrococcus species
- beta-hemolytic streptococci
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Streptococcus species- viridans group
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Enterococcus faecium
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Enterococcus species
- E. coli
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Klebsiella oxytoca
- Proteus vulgaris
- Proteus mirabilis
- Enterobacter spp.
- Citrobacter freundii
- Citrobacter koseri
- Salmonella enterica seroptye Typhi
- Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi
- Shigella
- Hafnia
- Serratia marcescens
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Burkholderia cepacia complex
- Shewanella
- Turicella otitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae/ parainfluenzae
- Acinetobacter species
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria meningitidis
Bacteria in Saline Wet Mount of Culture
In a saline wet mount of a bacterial culture, you typically observe the bacterial cells suspended in a physiological saline solution. This technique is often used for quick, preliminary observations of bacterial morphology and motility. Here’s what you might see in a saline wet mount of a bacterial culture:
- Bacterial Cells: The primary component you’ll observe are the bacterial cells themselves. These cells can vary in shape, size, and arrangement, depending on the species. Common bacterial shapes include cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral-shaped).
- Cell Arrangement: Bacterial cells may arrange themselves in different patterns, which can provide information about their characteristics. Common arrangements include:
- Singles: Individual cells dispersed in the saline.
- Pairs: Cells arranged in pairs.
- Chains: Cells linked together in a linear fashion.
- Clusters: Cells grouped together in irregular clusters.
- Tetrads: Four cells arranged in a square.
- Palisades: Cells lined up side by side, resembling a picket fence (seen in certain bacilli).
- Motility: In some cases, you may observe bacterial motility. This is the ability of bacteria to move actively. Motile bacteria may exhibit one of the following:
- Brownian Motion: A rapid, erratic movement caused by collisions with water molecules. It is not true bacterial motility.
- Flagella: If bacteria have flagella (whip-like appendages), you may see them rotating and propelling the cell.
- Twitching or Gliding: Some bacteria can move along surfaces by twitching or gliding.
- Staining Characteristics: While a saline wet mount is primarily for observing cell morphology and motility, you won’t see staining characteristics like Gram staining results. Staining methods require different procedures.
- Color and Clarity: The saline solution itself should be clear. Bacterial cells will appear as small, usually colorless, structures within the saline.
Remember that a saline wet mount is a basic and quick technique, and it may not provide as much detail as more specialized staining methods or advanced microscopy techniques. It is often used as an initial step to get a general sense of bacterial characteristics before performing more specific tests or staining procedures.
Hanging Drop Preparation of Bacteria for Motility Test
A hanging drop preparation is a simple and effective method for observing bacterial motility. It involves suspending a drop of bacterial culture in a drop of sterile liquid medium (usually a suitable saline solution) on a microscope slide. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to prepare a hanging drop for a bacterial motility test:
Materials Needed:
- Microscope slide
- Coverslip
- Grease pencil or nail polish
- Bacterial culture (cultured in broth)
- Sterile inoculating needle or loop
- Sterile saline solution or other appropriate liquid medium (e.g., nutrient broth)
Procedure:
- Preparation of the Microscope Slide: a. Using a grease pencil or nail polish, draw a circle (about 1-2 cm in diameter) on the underside of a coverslip. This circle will serve as the “well” for the hanging drop. b. Place the coverslip, marked side up, on a clean microscope slide. Ensure that the marked circle is at the center of the slide.
- Preparing the Bacterial Culture: a. Using a sterile inoculating loop or needle, aseptically transfer a small amount of the bacterial culture from the broth to the center of the marked circle on the coverslip. You only need a tiny amount of culture. b. Be careful not to touch the slide or the outside of the marked circle with the loop/needle to avoid contamination.
- Adding the Liquid Medium (Saline Solution): a. Place a drop of sterile saline solution (or the appropriate liquid medium) onto the center of the marked circle, directly over the bacterial culture. b. The drop of saline solution should be larger than the bacterial culture but small enough that it doesn’t overflow the circle.
- Assembling the Hanging Drop Slide: a. Carefully lower the slide with the coverslip onto the stage of a light microscope so that the hanging drop is positioned over the microscope’s objective lens. b. The coverslip should be securely attached to the slide, creating a sealed chamber for the hanging drop.
- Observing Motility: a. Focus the microscope on the bacterial culture within the hanging drop. b. Observe the bacterial cells within the drop for any signs of motility, such as movement, rotation, or darting. c. Record your observations, including the type and pattern of motility.
- Cleaning Up: a. After observing, carefully remove the hanging drop slide from the microscope. b. Dispose of the slide and coverslip appropriately, following laboratory safety guidelines. c. Sterilize the inoculating loop/needle and any other contaminated materials.
A hanging drop preparation allows you to directly observe bacterial motility without the need for staining. It’s a valuable technique for quickly assessing the motility of bacterial cultures and can provide insights into their behavior and characteristics.
Hanging Drop Preparation for Motility Test of Bacteria
E. coli in Gram Stain showing Gram-positive rods/ bacilli
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative bacterium, which means that it should normally appear as Gram-negative rods or bacilli in a Gram stain.
Staphylococcus aureus in Gram-stained smear of pus
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium, and when you perform a Gram stain on a smear of pus or any other clinical sample containing this bacterium, you would expect to see Gram-positive cocci. Here’s what you would typically observe in a Gram-stained smear of pus containing Staphylococcus aureus:
- Gram-Positive Staphylococci: The dominant feature would be clusters or chains of Gram-positive cocci. Staphylococci are typically arranged in grape-like clusters, which are a distinctive characteristic of the genus Staphylococcus.
- Cell Morphology: Staphylococcus aureus cells are round to oval (cocci) and usually occur in irregular, non-uniform clusters. They do not form long chains like streptococci.
- Purple Staining: In a Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria like S. aureus will appear purple or violet. This is because the thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure.
- Background: You may also observe other cellular and non-cellular components in the background, such as neutrophils, tissue debris, and other microorganisms if present in the pus sample.
The presence of Gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters in a Gram-stained pus smear is a strong indication of Staphylococcus aureus infection. This initial observation can guide further laboratory tests for identification and susceptibility testing to determine the appropriate treatment for the infection.
Staphylococcus aureus in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram-positive cocci in singles, pairs, and clusters
The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in a Gram-stained smear of a culture, showing Gram-positive cocci in various arrangements such as singles, pairs, and clusters, is consistent with the typical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus. Here’s what you would expect to observe in such a Gram stain:
- Gram-Positive Cocci: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium, so the cells will appear purple or violet under the microscope due to the retention of the crystal violet stain in their thick peptidoglycan cell walls.
- Arrangements:
- Singles: Some Staphylococcus aureus cells may appear as individual cocci, scattered throughout the field of view.
- Pairs: You may observe pairs of cocci, with two cocci closely associated or in diplococci arrangements.
- Clusters: The hallmark of Staphylococcus aureus is its characteristic arrangement in grape-like clusters. Cells are grouped together irregularly in these clusters, and this arrangement is often referred to as “staphylococcal clusters.”
- Cell Morphology: Staphylococcus aureus cells are typically round to oval (cocci) and vary slightly in size. They do not form long chains like streptococci.
Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gram Stained smear showing Gram-negative rods
The presence of Gram-negative rods in a Gram-stained smear of a culture could indicate the presence of bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is a type of Gram-negative bacterium known for its rod-shaped morphology. Here’s some additional information about Klebsiella pneumoniae:
- Gram-negative: This term refers to the staining characteristics of the bacterium. Gram-negative bacteria appear pink or red when subjected to the Gram stain procedure. This is due to the thinner peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which does not retain the crystal violet stain used in Gram staining.
- Rod-shaped: The shape of the bacteria is described as rod-shaped or bacillus. These bacteria appear elongated and cylindrical under a microscope.
- Klebsiella pneumoniae: This is a specific species of bacteria within the Klebsiella genus. It is a common cause of pneumonia and other infections in humans. It is known for its capsule, which is a protective outer layer that helps it evade the immune system and contributes to its virulence.
When K. pneumoniae is identified in a clinical sample, it is essential to perform further tests to confirm its identity and determine its antibiotic susceptibility profile. This information is crucial for guiding treatment decisions, as some strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae have become resistant to multiple antibiotics.
Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram-stained smear of sputum showing Gram-positive cocci in pairs
Identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Gram-stained smear of sputum is a common microbiological procedure used to diagnose respiratory infections. It is also known as pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause a range of respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, sinusitis, and otitis media. Here’s how you might identify Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Gram-stained smear of sputum:
1. Sputum Sample Collection:
- A sputum sample is collected from the patient, typically through coughing or deep throat clearing.
- The sample should ideally be collected in the morning and before the patient has eaten or drunk anything.
2. Preparation of a Gram-Stained Smear:
- A small portion of the sputum is placed on a clean glass slide.
- The sputum is spread thinly and allowed to air dry.
- Heat fixation may be performed to kill the bacteria and adhere them to the slide.
Gram Staining:
- The Gram staining procedure involves the following steps: a. Flood the slide with crystal violet stain for about 1 minute. b. Rinse with water. c. Flood the slide with iodine solution (mordant) for about 1 minute. d. Rinse with water. e. Decolorize with alcohol or acetone briefly, usually for a few seconds. This step differentiates between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. f. Rinse with water. g. Counterstain with safranin for about 30 seconds. h. Rinse with water.
- After staining, the slide is allowed to air dry.
4. Microscopic Examination:
- The prepared and stained slide is examined under a light microscope using oil immersion.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is Gram-positive, so it will appear purple or violet under the microscope due to the crystal violet stain.
- It typically appears as lancet-shaped or elongated diplococci (paired cocci), resembling a “football” or “picket fence” arrangement.
5. Confirmatory Tests:
- While Gram staining can give you an initial indication of the presence of Gram-positive cocci, further tests, such as culture on selective media and specific biochemical tests, may be needed to confirm the identity of Streptococcus pneumoniae and rule out other streptococci or related bacteria.
6. Interpretation and Reporting:
- The presence of Gram-positive diplococci in the Gram-stained smear suggests the possible presence of S. pneumoniae.
- The results should be interpreted alongside clinical symptoms and other diagnostic tests.
It’s important to note that while Gram staining can provide valuable information about the morphology and Gram reaction of bacteria, it is not a definitive identification method. Further culture and biochemical tests are typically necessary to confirm the specific bacterial species and assess its susceptibility to antibiotics.
Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram-positive cocci in pairs
The presence of Gram-positive cocci in pairs in a Gram-stained smear of a culture is characteristic of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here’s some additional information about S. pneumoniae:
- Gram-positive: This term refers to the staining characteristics of the bacterium. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram stain procedure, causing them to appear purple under the microscope. This is due to the thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls.
- Cocci in pairs: Streptococcus pneumoniae is known for its characteristic arrangement of cocci (round-shaped cells) in pairs, which is often described as “diplococci.” This pairing is a distinctive feature of this bacterium when observed under a microscope.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae: It is a species of Streptococcus bacteria and is a significant human pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae is known for causing various respiratory infections, including pneumonia, sinusitis, and otitis media. It can also lead to invasive diseases such as meningitis and bloodstream infections.
Identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae in clinical samples is important for diagnosing and treating infections caused by this bacterium. It’s important to note that accurate identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing are essential for selecting the appropriate antibiotics for treatment, as antibiotic resistance can be an issue with some strains of this bacterium.
Bacillus in Gram Stained smear of culture showing Gram-positive rods
The presence of Gram-positive rods in a Gram-stained smear of a culture is characteristic of bacteria belonging to the Bacillus genus. Bacillus is a genus of bacteria that includes several species known for their rod-shaped morphology and Gram-positive staining characteristics. Here’s some additional information about Bacillus:
- Gram-positive: The term “Gram-positive” refers to the staining characteristics of the bacterium. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram stain procedure, causing them to appear purple under the microscope. This is because they have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls.
- Rods: Bacillus species are rod-shaped bacteria, meaning they have an elongated and cylindrical cell shape.
- Bacillus species: The Bacillus genus includes various species, with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis being well-known examples. Bacillus bacteria are found in various environments, including soil and water, and some species can form spores, which are highly resistant structures that allow them to survive harsh conditions.
Coryneform bacteria in Gram-stained smear under the Microscope showing Gram-positive
Diphtheroids in Gram Stained smear of culture showing non-sporulating, pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli that are more uniformly stained than Corynebacterium diphtheriae, lack the metachromatic granules, and are arranged in a palisade manner.
Proteus mirabilis in Gram Stained smear of culture showing swimmer cells (1.5- to 2.0 µm) and swarmer cells (60 to 80 µm)
Safety Pin Appearance Bacteria in Gram Stain
Streptobacillus in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram negative bacilli in chains-
Vibrio cholerae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, and comma-shaped bacteria-
Basic fuchsin stained Campylobacter under the microscope showing comma- or s-shaped bacteria-
Haemophilus influenzae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing
Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria-
Pleomorphic Gram-negative rods small to large of Haemophilus in a clinical specimen (sputum)-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a Gram-stained smear of urethral discharge is showing Gram-negative diplococci intracellular as well as extracellular forms-
Streptococcus pyogenes in Gram-stained smear of culture-
Streptococcus agalactiae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing long chains of Gram-positive cocci-
Neisseria meningitidis in Gram Stained of Culture-
Micrococcus in Gram Stained smear of Culture-
Mycobacterium leprae in Ziehl-Neelsen stained Slit Skin Smear-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ziehl-Neelsen Stained Smear of Sputum-
Observing slide for AFB but found Nocardia-
Staphylococcus aureus growth on 5% sheep blood agar-
Staphylococcus aureus growth on 5% sheep blood agar with ß-haemolytic colonies-
E. coli on MacConkey medium-
E. coli on blood agar after 24 hours of incubation-
E. coli on chocolate agar after 24 hours of incubation-
Klebsiella pneumoniae on nutrient agar-
Klebsiella pneumoniae on MacConkey medium-
Klebsiella pneumoniae on MacConkey medium after 2 days of incubation-
Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar-
Streptococcus pyogenes on blood agar showing ß- haemolytic colonies and bacitracin (0.04 U) sensitive
Enterococcus on blood agar-
Swarming growth of Proteus on blood agar after 24 hours of incubation-
Salmonella Typhi on MacConkey medium after overnight incubation at 37°C
Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi growth on XLD agar
Lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenter Gram-negative bacteria on MacConkey medium-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa typical colony morphology on MacConkey medium-
Piments (Pyocyanin and pyoverdin) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on nutrient agar-
Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey agar-
Mannitol salt agar (MSA)-
- E. coli –No growth on MSA
- Yellow colonies of Staphylococcus aureus
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)
Serratia marcescens pigment expression (Prodigiosin) after over night incubation at room température-
Vibrio cholerae on TCBS agar-
Micrococcus roseus on blood agar-
Micrococcus roseus on nutrient agar-
Neisseria meningitidis growth on blood agar-
Typical colony morphology on CLED Agar is as follows-
Staphylococcus aureus: Deep yellow colonies of uniform colour
Escherichia coli: Opaque yellow colonies with a slightly deeper yellow centre
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Green colonies with typical matted surface and rough periphery
Campylobacter fetus growth on chocolate agar after 48 hours incubation at 37°C in 5% CO2 incubator-
Haemophilus influenzae Growth on Chocolate agar-
Moraxella catarrhalis Growth on Blood Agar-
Moraxella in Gram Stained Smear of Culture showing Gram-Negative Diplococcci-
Moraxella lacunata growth on MHA –
Salmonella-Shigella (SS) Agar with Salmonella Paratyphi and Shigella flexneri-
Shewanella growth on MacConkey Medium-
Acinetobacter Colony Characteristics on MacConkey Medium-
Shigella on MacConkey agar
Shewanella growth on blood agar-
Turicella on blood agar-
Sorbitol-MacConkey agar having growth of E. coli O157:H7 that differs from most other strains of E. coli in being unable to ferment sorbitol-
Streptococcus pneumoniae-Draughtsman Colonies and are young alpha-hemolytic colonies that appear raised, and in 24 – 48 hours colonies are flattened with a depressed centre. It becomes so due to partial autolysis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Optochin: Sensitive
Satellitism test Positive of Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 streaked perpendicularly over lawn culture of Haemophilus influenzae on a blood agar plate and incubated at 37°C in CO2 incubated for about 24 hours.
CAMP test Positive
The CAMP test uses to identify presumptively Streptococcus agalactiae. It was first described in 1944 by Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Petersen, and the CAMP test is an acronym of their names.
DNase Test: Positive
It is useful for presumptive identification of Staphylococcus aureus which produces the enzyme deoxyribonuclease from other Staphylococci which do not produce DNase. This test is also positive in the following organisms like Aeromonas spp., Vibrio cholerae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Moraxella catarrhalis and Serratia spp. except for Serratia fonticola.
Tube coagulase Test: Positive
Slide Coagulase Test: Positive
Use of 10 U Bacitracin
Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from Bacillus subtilis that functions to block cell wall formation by interfering with the dephosphorylation of the lipid compound that carries peptidoglycans to the growing microbial cell wall. Haemophilus is resistant to bacitracin (10U) whereas most common bacteria are sensitive. It makes it easier to screen Haemophilus influenzae in sputum growing around the bacitracin disk.
Streptococcus pyogenes growth on Blood agar-
Acinetobacter in Gram stained smear of culture-
Acinetobacter in Gram Stained Smear of Sputum
Aeromonas on MacConkey Medium-
Biochemical Tests of Aeromonas
Aeromonas Growth on MacConkey Medium and Biochemical Tests-
Streptococcus agalactiae: ß-Haemolytic Colonies on Blood Agar-
Streptococcus agalactiae
Bacitracin (0.04U): Resistance
Streptococcus agalactiae
CAMP Test: Positive
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) pattern of Streptococcus agalactiae-
Alcaligenes growth on MacConkey Medium-
Alcaligenes Biochemical Tests-
Biochemical Tests of Morganella morganii-
Dienes Phenomenon of Different strains of P. vulgaris-
Enterococcus in Gram Stained Smear of Culture-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae In Gram Stained Smear of Culture from Eye Swab-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Growth on Chocolate agar from the specimen, eye swab-
Gram-positive cocci in pairs, short chains, and long chains-
Ideal Sputum Gram Stained Smear Without Organisms-
Ideal Sputum Gram Stained Smear showing
Epithelial Cells<10/LPF and
Pus cells>25/LPF
Haemophilus ducreyi growth around X and XV factors disks but no growth around V-
Haemophilus ducreyi AST pattern on Chocolate agar-
Haemophilus influenzae growth on Chocolate agar-
Oxidase Test: Positive-
Gram Stained Smear of Sputum Showing Gram-Negative Cocci and also Small to Large Gram-Negative Rods-
Kingella kingae in Gram Stained Smear of Sputum-
Kingella kingae ß-Haemolytic Colonies on Blood Agar-
Klebsiella pneumoniae mucoid colonies on MacConkey Medium-
Lactobacillus growth on Chocolate agar from HVS-
Lactobacillus in Gram Stained Smear of Culture-
Lactose Fermenters (LF)-Pink
Non-lactose Fermenters (NLF)-Normal Colour(un-dyed)
Gram-negative bacteria on MacConkey Medium-
Listeria in Gram Stained Smear of Culture-
3 types of colonies of different bacteria-
- Large mucoid-Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Flat, pink: E. coli
- NLF- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Klebsiella pneumoniae and
- Serratia marcescens growth on MacConkey medium
-Isolated from Pus
String test: Positive Vibrio cholerae
String test to identify Vibrio cholerae-Vibrio cholerae (positive) and Aeromonas species (negative) isolated from diarrheal stool show similar colony characteristics on MacConkey agar and they are oxidase positive. It also aids to differentiate Vibrio cholerae (positive) from other Vibrio species (negative). Colony morphology, oxidase test positive and string test positive are very useful for the conformation of Vibrio cholerae.
Listeria on blood agar
Listeria monocytogenes in Hanging Drop Preparation
Listeria monocytogenes haemolytic colonies on blood agar
Modified Hodge Test (MHT): Positive
Micrococcus luteus growth on nutrient agar
Morganella morganii on MacConkey medium
Mucoid colony of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey medium (MAC)
- Oxidase test: Positive
- TSI test
- MIU test
- Urease test
Biochemical Tests of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-
- TSI test
- MIU test
- Urease test
MIC of Polymyxin B and Colistin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid colony on MacConkey medium of sputum sample
The mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey agar of sputum specimen
Salmonella Typhi nalidixic acid sensitive strain (NASS)-
Nalidixic acid resistant strain (NARS) of Salmonella Typhi
Neisseria gonorrhoeae on blood agar from urethral discharge
Neisseria gonorrhoeae AST on blood agar
Pandrug-resistant (PDR) strain of bacteria, in reference to our laboratory antimicrobial availability-
A reddish-brown pigment pyorubin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey medium
Pigments of various anaerobic bacteria
Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram-positive diplococci, lanceolate appearance, and also evidence of capsule
Propionibacterium Gram-Positive Rods
Proteus Gram-Negative Rods
Providencia rettgeri biochemical tests-
- TSI test
- SIM test
- Urease test
- Citrate utilization test
Providencia rettgeri growth on MHA
Providencia rettgeri growth on MHA, biochemical tests, and AST pattern
Pus cells and large GNB in sputum Gram-stained smear
Rothia on MHA
Rothia on chocolate agar
Rothia AST
Rothia strong adherence to the solid medium substrate-
Rothia antibiogram
Rothia colonies are not dissolving in normal saline
Rothia in Gram stain stained smear of culture
No growth of Rothia in 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) after 2 days of incubation-
No growth of Rothia on MSA
Rothia on blood agar-
Streptococcus urinalis on blood agar of urine specimen
S. urinalis in Gram-stained Smear of culture-
Streptococcus urinalis
Vancomycin: Sensitive
Streptococcus urinalis
Bile esculin (BE): Positive
Streptococcus urinalis growth in 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) broth-
Streptococcus urinalis Antibiogram-
S. urinalis antibiogram
Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi in Gram Stained Smear of Culture-
Salmonella Typhi and Shigella boydii on XLD agar-
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi on MacConkey medium
Salmonella Typhi growth on MacConkey medium, biochemical tests, and AST pattern-
Biochemical tests of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
AST pattern of Salmonella Typhi
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Novobiocin: Resistance
Serratia marcescens growth on MHA after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C lacking pigment expression-
Serratia marcescens growth on MHA after 24 hours of incubation at room temperature ( 25°C) showing pigment expression-
Serratia marcescens growth on MHA after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C lacking pigment expression while at room temperature (25°C) showing pigment (prodigiosin) expression-
Shigella boydii in XLD agar
Shigella boydii on MAC
Proteus vulgaris on SS agar showing black colonies-
Salmonella Typhi and Shigell flexneri growth on XLD agar-
Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhi growth on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar-
Proteus vulgaris on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar-
S. boydii in XLD agar
SS agar, XLD, and Sorbitol MacConkey medium with various organisms like Salmonella, Shigella, and Proteus-
Sphingobacterium mizutii isolation
Sphingobacterium antibiogram-
Sphingobacterium AST Pattern-Extra
Sphingobacterium mizutii on chocolate agar
Sphingobacterium mizutii on blood agar
Sphingobacterium mizutii lacking growth on MacConkey medium-
Sphingobacterium mizutii-Special Features
Sporulated Gram-positive rods in Gram-stained Smear of culture
Sporulated bacillus growth on blood agar-
Gram-positive diplococci in Gram-stained smear of sputum
Staphylococcus saprophyticus in Gram-stained smear of culture
Staphylococcus aureus on Nutrient agar
Vibrio cholerae colonies on TCBS agar are changing due to longer incubation (72 hours)-
Contd.