Atlas of Bacteria: Introduction and List of Bacteria and Related Features

Atlas of Bacteria: The name ‘ Atlas of Bacteria’ is given even due to the vast spectrum of bacteriology but puny collection and another thing is that only an epic centre collection of my authentical performance. So, please if you have benefited from this atlas, let others know about it too and share them through social media.

Atlas of Bacteria

The name ‘ Atlas of Bacteria’ is given even due to the vast spectrum of bacteriology but puny collection and another thing are that only an epic center collection of my authentical performance. So, please if you have benefited from this atlas, let others know about it too and share them through social media.

List of Bacteria

  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
  3. Staphylococcus species (CoNS)
  4. Micrococcus species
  5. beta-hemolytic streptococci
  6. Streptococcus pyogenes
  7. Streptococcus  agalactiae
  8. Streptococcus species- viridans group
  9. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  10. Enterococcus faecium
  11. Enterococcus faecalis
  12. Enterococcus species
  13. E. coli
  14. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  15. Klebsiella oxytoca
  16. Proteus vulgaris
  17. Proteus mirabilis
  18. Enterobacter spp.
  19. Citrobacter freundii
  20. Citrobacter koseri
  21. Salmonella enterica seroptye Typhi
  22. Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi
  23. Shigella
  24. Hafnia
  25. Serratia marcescens
  26. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  27. Burkholderia cepacia complex
  28. Shewanella
  29. Turicella otitidis
  30. Haemophilus influenzae/ parainfluenzae
  31. Acinetobacter species
  32. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  33. Neisseria meningitidis

Bacteria in Saline Wet Mount of Culture

In a saline wet mount of a bacterial culture, you typically observe the bacterial cells suspended in a physiological saline solution. This technique is often used for quick, preliminary observations of bacterial morphology and motility. Here’s what you might see in a saline wet mount of a bacterial culture:

Bacteria in Saline wet mount of Culture

  1. Bacterial Cells: The primary component you’ll observe are the bacterial cells themselves. These cells can vary in shape, size, and arrangement, depending on the species. Common bacterial shapes include cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral-shaped).
  2. Cell Arrangement: Bacterial cells may arrange themselves in different patterns, which can provide information about their characteristics. Common arrangements include:
    • Singles: Individual cells dispersed in the saline.
    • Pairs: Cells arranged in pairs.
    • Chains: Cells linked together in a linear fashion.
    • Clusters: Cells grouped together in irregular clusters.
    • Tetrads: Four cells arranged in a square.
    • Palisades: Cells lined up side by side, resembling a picket fence (seen in certain bacilli).
  3. Motility: In some cases, you may observe bacterial motility. This is the ability of bacteria to move actively. Motile bacteria may exhibit one of the following:
    • Brownian Motion: A rapid, erratic movement caused by collisions with water molecules. It is not true bacterial motility.
    • Flagella: If bacteria have flagella (whip-like appendages), you may see them rotating and propelling the cell.
    • Twitching or Gliding: Some bacteria can move along surfaces by twitching or gliding.
  4. Staining Characteristics: While a saline wet mount is primarily for observing cell morphology and motility, you won’t see staining characteristics like Gram staining results. Staining methods require different procedures.
  5. Color and Clarity: The saline solution itself should be clear. Bacterial cells will appear as small, usually colorless, structures within the saline.

Remember that a saline wet mount is a basic and quick technique, and it may not provide as much detail as more specialized staining methods or advanced microscopy techniques. It is often used as an initial step to get a general sense of bacterial characteristics before performing more specific tests or staining procedures.

Hanging Drop Preparation of Bacteria for Motility Test 

A hanging drop preparation is a simple and effective method for observing bacterial motility. It involves suspending a drop of bacterial culture in a drop of sterile liquid medium (usually a suitable saline solution) on a microscope slide. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to prepare a hanging drop for a bacterial motility test:

Materials Needed:

  1. Microscope slide
  2. Coverslip
  3. Grease pencil or nail polish
  4. Bacterial culture (cultured in broth)
  5. Sterile inoculating needle or loop
  6. Sterile saline solution or other appropriate liquid medium (e.g., nutrient broth)

Hanging Drop Preparation of Bacteria for Motility Test

Procedure:

  1. Preparation of the Microscope Slide: a. Using a grease pencil or nail polish, draw a circle (about 1-2 cm in diameter) on the underside of a coverslip. This circle will serve as the “well” for the hanging drop. b. Place the coverslip, marked side up, on a clean microscope slide. Ensure that the marked circle is at the center of the slide.
  2. Preparing the Bacterial Culture: a. Using a sterile inoculating loop or needle, aseptically transfer a small amount of the bacterial culture from the broth to the center of the marked circle on the coverslip. You only need a tiny amount of culture. b. Be careful not to touch the slide or the outside of the marked circle with the loop/needle to avoid contamination.
  3. Adding the Liquid Medium (Saline Solution): a. Place a drop of sterile saline solution (or the appropriate liquid medium) onto the center of the marked circle, directly over the bacterial culture. b. The drop of saline solution should be larger than the bacterial culture but small enough that it doesn’t overflow the circle.
  4. Assembling the Hanging Drop Slide: a. Carefully lower the slide with the coverslip onto the stage of a light microscope so that the hanging drop is positioned over the microscope’s objective lens. b. The coverslip should be securely attached to the slide, creating a sealed chamber for the hanging drop.
  5. Observing Motility: a. Focus the microscope on the bacterial culture within the hanging drop. b. Observe the bacterial cells within the drop for any signs of motility, such as movement, rotation, or darting. c. Record your observations, including the type and pattern of motility.
  6. Cleaning Up: a. After observing, carefully remove the hanging drop slide from the microscope. b. Dispose of the slide and coverslip appropriately, following laboratory safety guidelines. c. Sterilize the inoculating loop/needle and any other contaminated materials.

A hanging drop preparation allows you to directly observe bacterial motility without the need for staining. It’s a valuable technique for quickly assessing the motility of bacterial cultures and can provide insights into their behavior and characteristics.

Hanging Drop Preparation for Motility Test of Bacteria

Hanging Drop Preparation for Motility Test of Bacteria

E. coli in Gram Stain showing Gram-positive rods/ bacilli

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative bacterium, which means that it should normally appear as Gram-negative rods or bacilli in a Gram stain.

E. coli in Gram Stain showing Gram positive rods/ bacilli

Staphylococcus aureus in Gram-stained smear of pus

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium, and when you perform a Gram stain on a smear of pus or any other clinical sample containing this bacterium, you would expect to see Gram-positive cocci. Here’s what you would typically observe in a Gram-stained smear of pus containing Staphylococcus aureus:

Staphylococcus aureus in Gram stained smear of pus showing Gram positive cocci in singles, pairs and clusters

  1. Gram-Positive Staphylococci: The dominant feature would be clusters or chains of Gram-positive cocci. Staphylococci are typically arranged in grape-like clusters, which are a distinctive characteristic of the genus Staphylococcus.
  2. Cell Morphology: Staphylococcus aureus cells are round to oval (cocci) and usually occur in irregular, non-uniform clusters. They do not form long chains like streptococci.
  3. Purple Staining: In a Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria like S. aureus will appear purple or violet. This is because the thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure.
  4. Background: You may also observe other cellular and non-cellular components in the background, such as neutrophils, tissue debris, and other microorganisms if present in the pus sample.

The presence of Gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters in a Gram-stained pus smear is a strong indication of Staphylococcus aureus infection. This initial observation can guide further laboratory tests for identification and susceptibility testing to determine the appropriate treatment for the infection.

Staphylococcus aureus in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram-positive cocci in singles, pairs, and clusters

The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in a Gram-stained smear of a culture, showing Gram-positive cocci in various arrangements such as singles, pairs, and clusters, is consistent with the typical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus. Here’s what you would expect to observe in such a Gram stain:

Staphylococcus aureus in Gram stain showing Gram positive cocci in singles, pairs and clusters

  1. Gram-Positive Cocci: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium, so the cells will appear purple or violet under the microscope due to the retention of the crystal violet stain in their thick peptidoglycan cell walls.
  2. Arrangements:
    • Singles: Some Staphylococcus aureus cells may appear as individual cocci, scattered throughout the field of view.
    • Pairs: You may observe pairs of cocci, with two cocci closely associated or in diplococci arrangements.
    • Clusters: The hallmark of Staphylococcus aureus is its characteristic arrangement in grape-like clusters. Cells are grouped together irregularly in these clusters, and this arrangement is often referred to as “staphylococcal clusters.”
  3. Cell Morphology: Staphylococcus aureus cells are typically round to oval (cocci) and vary slightly in size. They do not form long chains like streptococci.

Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gram Stained smear showing Gram-negative rods

The presence of Gram-negative rods in a Gram-stained smear of a culture could indicate the presence of bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is a type of Gram-negative bacterium known for its rod-shaped morphology. Here’s some additional information about Klebsiella pneumoniae:

Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gram Stained smear showing Gram positive rods

  1. Gram-negative: This term refers to the staining characteristics of the bacterium. Gram-negative bacteria appear pink or red when subjected to the Gram stain procedure. This is due to the thinner peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which does not retain the crystal violet stain used in Gram staining.
  2. Rod-shaped: The shape of the bacteria is described as rod-shaped or bacillus. These bacteria appear elongated and cylindrical under a microscope.
  3. Klebsiella pneumoniae: This is a specific species of bacteria within the Klebsiella genus. It is a common cause of pneumonia and other infections in humans. It is known for its capsule, which is a protective outer layer that helps it evade the immune system and contributes to its virulence.

When K. pneumoniae is identified in a clinical sample, it is essential to perform further tests to confirm its identity and determine its antibiotic susceptibility profile. This information is crucial for guiding treatment decisions, as some strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae have become resistant to multiple antibiotics.

Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram-stained smear of sputum showing Gram-positive cocci in pairs

Identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Gram-stained smear of sputum is a common microbiological procedure used to diagnose respiratory infections. It is also known as pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause a range of respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, sinusitis, and otitis media. Here’s how you might identify Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Gram-stained smear of sputum:

1. Sputum Sample Collection:

  • A sputum sample is collected from the patient, typically through coughing or deep throat clearing.
  • The sample should ideally be collected in the morning and before the patient has eaten or drunk anything.

2. Preparation of a Gram-Stained Smear:

  • A small portion of the sputum is placed on a clean glass slide.
  • The sputum is spread thinly and allowed to air dry.
  • Heat fixation may be performed to kill the bacteria and adhere them to the slide.

Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram stained smear of sputum showing Gram positive cocci in pairs

  Gram Staining:

  • The Gram staining procedure involves the following steps: a. Flood the slide with crystal violet stain for about 1 minute. b. Rinse with water. c. Flood the slide with iodine solution (mordant) for about 1 minute. d. Rinse with water. e. Decolorize with alcohol or acetone briefly, usually for a few seconds. This step differentiates between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. f. Rinse with water. g. Counterstain with safranin for about 30 seconds. h. Rinse with water.
  • After staining, the slide is allowed to air dry.

4. Microscopic Examination:

  • The prepared and stained slide is examined under a light microscope using oil immersion.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is Gram-positive, so it will appear purple or violet under the microscope due to the crystal violet stain.
  • It typically appears as lancet-shaped or elongated diplococci (paired cocci), resembling a “football” or “picket fence” arrangement.

5. Confirmatory Tests:

  • While Gram staining can give you an initial indication of the presence of Gram-positive cocci, further tests, such as culture on selective media and specific biochemical tests, may be needed to confirm the identity of Streptococcus pneumoniae and rule out other streptococci or related bacteria.

6. Interpretation and Reporting:

  • The presence of Gram-positive diplococci in the Gram-stained smear suggests the possible presence of S. pneumoniae.
  • The results should be interpreted alongside clinical symptoms and other diagnostic tests.

It’s important to note that while Gram staining can provide valuable information about the morphology and Gram reaction of bacteria, it is not a definitive identification method. Further culture and biochemical tests are typically necessary to confirm the specific bacterial species and assess its susceptibility to antibiotics.

Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram-positive cocci in pairs

The presence of Gram-positive cocci in pairs in a Gram-stained smear of a culture is characteristic of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here’s some additional information about S. pneumoniae:

Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram stained smear of culture showing Gram positive cocci in pairs

  1. Gram-positive: This term refers to the staining characteristics of the bacterium. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram stain procedure, causing them to appear purple under the microscope. This is due to the thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls.
  2. Cocci in pairs: Streptococcus pneumoniae is known for its characteristic arrangement of cocci (round-shaped cells) in pairs, which is often described as “diplococci.” This pairing is a distinctive feature of this bacterium when observed under a microscope.
  3. Streptococcus pneumoniae: It is a species of Streptococcus bacteria and is a significant human pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae is known for causing various respiratory infections, including pneumonia, sinusitis, and otitis media. It can also lead to invasive diseases such as meningitis and bloodstream infections.

Identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae in clinical samples is important for diagnosing and treating infections caused by this bacterium. It’s important to note that accurate identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing are essential for selecting the appropriate antibiotics for treatment, as antibiotic resistance can be an issue with some strains of this bacterium.

Bacillus in Gram Stained smear of culture showing Gram-positive rods

The presence of Gram-positive rods in a Gram-stained smear of a culture is characteristic of bacteria belonging to the Bacillus genus. Bacillus is a genus of bacteria that includes several species known for their rod-shaped morphology and Gram-positive staining characteristics. Here’s some additional information about Bacillus:

Bacillus in Gram Stained smear of culture showing Gram positive rods

  1. Gram-positive: The term “Gram-positive” refers to the staining characteristics of the bacterium. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram stain procedure, causing them to appear purple under the microscope. This is because they have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls.
  2. Rods: Bacillus species are rod-shaped bacteria, meaning they have an elongated and cylindrical cell shape.
  3. Bacillus species: The Bacillus genus includes various species, with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis being well-known examples. Bacillus bacteria are found in various environments, including soil and water, and some species can form spores, which are highly resistant structures that allow them to survive harsh conditions.

Coryneform bacteria in Gram-stained smear under the Microscope showing Gram-positive

 Coryneform bacteria in Gram stained smear under the Microscope showing Gram positive

 

Diphtheroids in Gram Stained smear of culture showing non-sporulating, pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli that are more uniformly stained than Corynebacterium diphtheriae, lack the metachromatic granules, and are arranged in a palisade manner. 

 Diphtheroids in Gram Stained smear showing non-sporulating, pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli that are more uniformly stained than Corynebacterium diphtheriae, lack the metachromatic granules and are arranged in a palisade manner.

 

Proteus mirabilis in Gram Stained smear of culture showing swimmer cells (1.5- to 2.0 µm) and swarmer cells (60 to 80 µm)

Proteus mirabilis in Gram Stained smear of culture showing swimmer cells (1.5- to 2.0 µm) and swarmer cells (60 to 80 µm)

Safety Pin Appearance Bacteria in Gram Stain

Safety Pin Appearance Bacteria in Gram Stain

 

Streptobacillus in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram negative bacilli in chains-

Streptobacillus in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram negative bacilli in chains-

 

Vibrio cholerae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing  Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, and comma-shaped bacteria-

Vibrio cholerae in Gram stained smear of culture showing Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe and comma-shaped bacteria

 

Basic fuchsin stained Campylobacter under the microscope showing comma- or s-shaped bacteria-

Basic fuchsin stained Campylobacter under microscope showing comma- or s-shaped

 

Haemophilus influenzae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing 

Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria-

 Haemophilus influenzae in Gram stained smear of culture showing Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria

 

Pleomorphic Gram-negative rods small to large of Haemophilus in a clinical specimen (sputum)-

Pleomorphic Gram-negative rods small to large of Haemophilus in clinical specimen, sputum

 

Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a Gram-stained smear of urethral discharge is showing Gram-negative diplococci intracellular as well as extracellular forms-

Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a Gram-stained smear of urethral discharge is showing Gram-negative diplococci intracellular as well as extracellular forms

 

Streptococcus pyogenes in Gram-stained smear of culture-

Streptococcus pyogenes in Gram stained smear of culture

 

Streptococcus agalactiae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing long chains of Gram-positive cocci-

Streptococcus agalactiae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing long chains of Gram-positive cocci

 

Neisseria meningitidis in Gram Stained of Culture-

Neisseria meningitidis in Gram Stained of Culture

 

Micrococcus in Gram Stained smear of Culture-

Micrococcus in Gram Stained smear of Culture

 

Mycobacterium leprae in Ziehl-Neelsen stained Slit Skin Smear-

Mycobacterium leprae in Ziehl-Neelsen stained Slit Skin Smear

 

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ziehl-Neelsen Stained Smear of Sputum-

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ziehl-Neelsen Stained Smear of Sputum

 

Observing slide for AFB but found Nocardia-

Observing slide for AFB but found Nocardia

 

Staphylococcus aureus growth on 5% sheep blood agar-

Staphylococcus aureus growth on 5% sheep blood agar

Staphylococcus aureus growth on 5% sheep blood agar with ß-haemolytic colonies-

Staphylococcus aureus growth on 5% sheep blood agar with ß-haemolytic colonies

 

E. coli on MacConkey medium-

E coli on MacConkey medium

 

E. coli on blood agar after 24 hours of incubation-

E. coli on blood agar after 24 hours of incubation

 

E. coli on chocolate agar after 24 hours of incubation-

E. coli on chocolate agar after 24 hours of incubation

 

Klebsiella pneumoniae on nutrient agar-

Klebsiella pneumoniae on nutrient agar

 

Klebsiella pneumoniae on MacConkey medium-

Klebsiella pneumoniae on MacConkey medium

 

Klebsiella pneumoniae on MacConkey medium after 2 days of incubation-

Klebsiella pneumoniae on MacConkey medium after 2 days of incubation

 

Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar-

Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar

 

Streptococcus pyogenes on blood agar showing ß- haemolytic colonies and bacitracin (0.04 U) sensitive

Streptococcus pyogenes on blood agar showing ß- haemolytic colonies-

 

Enterococcus on blood agar-

Enterococcus on blood agar

 

Swarming growth of Proteus on blood agar after 24 hours of incubation-

Swarming growth of Proteus on blood agar after 24 hours of incubation

 

Salmonella Typhi on MacConkey medium after overnight incubation at 37°C

Salmonella Typhi on MacConkey medium after over night incubation at 37°C.

Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi growth on XLD agar

Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi growth on XLD agar

 

Lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenter Gram-negative bacteria on MacConkey medium-

Lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenter Gram negative bacteria on MacConkey medium

 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa typical colony morphology on MacConkey medium-

Pseudomonas aeruginosa typical Colony morphology on MacConkey medium

 

Piments (Pyocyanin and pyoverdin) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on nutrient agar-

Pigments (Pyocyanin and pyoverdin) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on nutrient agar

 

Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey agar-

Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey agar

 

Mannitol salt agar (MSA)-

  1. E. coli –No growth on MSA
  2. Yellow colonies of Staphylococcus aureus
  3. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)

Mannitol salt agar (MSA) 1. E. coli –No growth on MSA 2. Yellow colonies of Staphylococcus aureus 3. Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS)

 

Serratia marcescens pigment expression (Prodigiosin) after over night incubation at room température-

Serratia marcescens pigment expression (Prodigiosin) after over night incubation at room température

 

Vibrio cholerae on TCBS agar-

Vibrio cholerae on TCBS agar

 

Micrococcus roseus on blood agar-

Micrococcus roseus on blood agar

 

Micrococcus roseus on nutrient agar-

Micrococcus roseus on nutrient agar

 

 

 Neisseria meningitidis growth on blood agar-

Neisseria meningitidis growth on blood agar

 

Typical colony morphology on CLED Agar is as follows-

Staphylococcus aureus: Deep yellow colonies of uniform colour

Escherichia coli: Opaque yellow colonies with a slightly deeper yellow centre

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Green colonies with typical matted surface and rough periphery

CLED agar having growth of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

 

Campylobacter fetus growth on chocolate agar after 48 hours incubation at 37°C in 5% CO2 incubator-

Campylobacter fetus growth on chocolate agar after 48 hours incubation at 37°C in 5% CO2 incubator.

 

Haemophilus influenzae Growth on Chocolate agar-

Haemophilus influenzae Growth on Chocolate agar

 

Moraxella catarrhalis Growth on Blood Agar-

Moraxella catarrhalis Growth on Blood Agar

 

Moraxella in Gram Stained Smear of Culture showing Gram-Negative Diplococcci-

Moraxella in Gram Stained Smear of Culture

 

Moraxella lacunata growth on MHA –

Moraxella lacunata growth on MHA

 Salmonella-Shigella (SS) Agar with Salmonella Paratyphi and Shigella flexneri-

Salmonella-Shigella (SS) Agar with Salmonella Paratyphi and Shigella flexneri

 

Shewanella growth on MacConkey Medium-

Shewanella growth on MacConkey Medium

 

Acinetobacter Colony Characteristics on MacConkey Medium-

Acinetobacter Colony Characteristics on MacConkey Medium

 

Shigella on MacConkey agar

Shigella on MacConkey agar

Shewanella growth on blood agar-

Shewanella growth on blood agar

 

Turicella on blood agar-

Turicella on blood agar

 

Sorbitol-MacConkey agar having growth of E. coli O157:H7 that differs from most other strains of E. coli in being unable to ferment sorbitol-

Sorbitol-MacConkey agar having growth of E. coli O157:H7 that differs from most other strains of E. coli in being unable to ferment sorbitol

 

Streptococcus pneumoniae-Draughtsman Colonies and are young alpha-hemolytic colonies that appear raised, and in 24 – 48 hours colonies are flattened with a depressed centre. It becomes so due to partial autolysis.

 Streptococcus pneumoniae-Draughtsman Colonies and they are young alpha-haemolytic colonies appear raised, and in 24 – 48 hours colonies are flattened with depressed centre. It becomes so due to partial autolysis.

 

Streptococcus pneumoniae

       Optochin: Sensitive

Streptococcus pneumoniae Optochin: Sensitive

 

Satellitism test Positive of Haemophilus influenzae

Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 streaked perpendicularly over lawn culture of Haemophilus influenzae on a blood agar plate and incubated at 37°C in CO2 incubated for about 24 hours.

Satellitism test Positive of Haemophilus influenzae

 

CAMP test Positive

The CAMP test uses to identify presumptively Streptococcus agalactiae. It was first described in 1944 by Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Petersen, and the CAMP test is an acronym of their names.

CAMP test Positive CAMP test uses to identify presumptively Streptococcus agalactiae. It was first described in 1944 by Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Petersen, and CAMP test is an acronym of their names.

 

DNase Test: Positive

It is useful for presumptive identification of Staphylococcus aureus which produces the enzyme deoxyribonuclease from other Staphylococci which do not produce DNase. This test is also positive in the following organisms like Aeromonas spp., Vibrio cholerae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Moraxella catarrhalis and  Serratia spp. except for Serratia fonticola.

 DNase Test: Positive It is useful for presumptive identification of Staphylococcus aureus which produces the enzyme deoxyribonuclease from other Staphylococci which do not produce DNase. This test is also positive in following organisms like Aeromonas spp., Vibrio cholerae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Moraxella catarrhalis and Serratia spp. except Serratia fonticola.

 

Tube coagulase Test: Positive

Tube coagulase Test: Positive

 

Slide Coagulase Test: Positive

Slide Coagulase Test: Positive

 

Use of 10 U Bacitracin

Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from Bacillus subtilis that functions to block cell wall formation by interfering with the dephosphorylation of the lipid compound that carries peptidoglycans to the growing microbial cell wall. Haemophilus is resistant to bacitracin (10U) whereas most common bacteria are sensitive. It makes it easier to screen Haemophilus influenzae in sputum growing around the bacitracin disk.

Use of 10 U bacitracin Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from Bacillus subtilis that functions to block cell wall formation by interfering with the dephosphorylation of the lipid compound that carries peptidoglycans to the growing microbial cell wall. Haemophilus is resistance to bacitracin (10U) whereas most common bacteria are sensitive. It makes easier to screen Haemophilus influenzae in sputum growing around the bacitracin disk.

 

Streptococcus pyogenes growth on Blood agar-

Streptococcus pyogenes growth on Blood agar

 

Acinetobacter in Gram stained smear of culture-

Acinetobacter in Gram stained smear of culture-

 

Acinetobacter in Gram Stained Smear of Sputum

Acinetobacter in Gram Stained Smear of Sputum

 

Aeromonas on MacConkey Medium-

Aeromonas on MacConkey Medium

Biochemical Tests of Aeromonas

Biochemical Tests of Aeromonas

 

Aeromonas Growth on MacConkey Medium and Biochemical Tests-

Aeromonas Growth on MacConkey Medium and Biochemical Tests

 

Streptococcus agalactiae: ß-Haemolytic Colonies on Blood Agar-

Streptococcus agalactiae: ß-Haemolytic Colonies on Blood Agar

 

Streptococcus agalactiae

Bacitracin (0.04U): Resistance

Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacitracin (0.04U)- Resistance

 

Streptococcus agalactiae

     CAMP Test: Positive

CAMP Test-Positive, Streptococcus agalactiae

 

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) pattern of Streptococcus agalactiae-

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) pattern of Streptococcus agalactiae

 

Alcaligenes growth on MacConkey Medium-

Alcaligenes growth on MacConkey Medium

 

Alcaligenes Biochemical Tests-

Alcaligenes Biochemical Tests

 

Biochemical Tests of Morganella morganii-

Biochemical Tests of Morganella morganii

 

Dienes Phenomenon of Different strains of P. vulgaris-

Dienes Phenomenon of Different strains of P. vulgaris

 

Enterococcus in Gram Stained Smear of Culture-

Enterococcus in Gram Stained Smear of Culture

 

Neisseria gonorrhoeae In Gram Stained Smear of Culture from Eye Swab-

Neisseria gonorrhoeae In Gram Stained Smear of Culture from Eye Swab

 

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Growth on Chocolate agar from the specimen, eye swab-

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Growth on Chocolate agar from specimen, eye swab

 

Gram-positive cocci in pairs, short chains, and long chains-

Gram positive cocci in pairs, short chains and long chains

 

Ideal Sputum Gram Stained Smear Without Organisms-

Ideal Sputum Gram Stained Smear Without Organisms

 

Ideal Sputum Gram Stained Smear showing

Epithelial Cells<10/LPF and

Pus cells>25/LPF

Ideal Sputum Gram Stained Smear showing Epithelial Cells<10/LPF and Pus cells>25/LPF

 

Haemophilus ducreyi growth around X and XV factors disks but no growth around V-

Haemophilus ducreyi growth around X and XV factors disks but no growth around V

 

Haemophilus ducreyi AST pattern on Chocolate agar-

Haemophilus ducreyi AST patter on Chocolate agar

 

Haemophilus influenzae growth on Chocolate agar-

Haemophilus influenzae growth on Chocolate agar

 

Oxidase Test: Positive-

Oxidase Test: Positive

 

Gram Stained Smear of Sputum Showing Gram-Negative Cocci and also Small to Large Gram-Negative Rods-

Gram Stained Smear of Sputum Showing Gram Negative Cocci and also Small to Large Gram-Negative Rods

 

Kingella kingae in Gram Stained Smear of Sputum-

Kingella kingae in Gram Stained Smear of Sputum

 

Kingella kingae ß-Haemolytic Colonies on Blood Agar-

Kingella kingae ß-Haemolytic Colonies on Blood Agar

 

Klebsiella pneumoniae mucoid colonies on MacConkey Medium-

Klebsiella pneumoniae mucoid colonies on MacConkey Medium

 

Lactobacillus growth on Chocolate agar from HVS-

Lactobacillus growth on Chocolate agar from HVS

 

Lactobacillus in Gram Stained Smear of Culture-

Lactobacillus in Gram Stained Smear of Culture

 

Lactose Fermenters (LF)-Pink

Non-lactose Fermenters (NLF)-Normal Colour(un-dyed)

Gram-negative bacteria on MacConkey Medium-

Lactose Fermenters (LF)-Pink, non-lactose fermenters (NLF)-normal Colour(un-dyed) Gram negative bacteria on MacConkey medium

 

Listeria in Gram Stained Smear of Culture-

Listeria in Gram Stained Smear of Culture

 

 

3 types of colonies of different bacteria-

  1. Large mucoid-Klebsiella pneumoniae
  2. Flat, pink: E. coli
  3. NLF- Pseudomonas aeruginosa

3 types of colonies of different bacteria- 1. Large mucoid-Klebsiella pneumoniae 2. Flat, pink: E. coli 3. NLF- Pseudomonas aeruginosa

 

 

  1. Klebsiella pneumoniae and
  2. Serratia marcescens growth on MacConkey medium

-Isolated from Pus

Klebsiella and Serratia growth on MacConkey agar from clinical sample, pus

String test: Positive Vibrio cholerae

String test to identify Vibrio cholerae-Vibrio cholerae (positive) and Aeromonas species (negative) isolated from diarrheal stool show similar colony characteristics on MacConkey agar and they are oxidase positive. It also aids to differentiate Vibrio cholerae (positive) from other Vibrio species (negative). Colony morphology, oxidase test positive and string test positive are very useful for the conformation of Vibrio cholerae.

String test: Positive Vibrio cholerae String test to identify Vibrio cholerae: Vibrio cholerae (positive) and Aeromonas species (negative) isolated from diarrheal stool, show similar colony characteristics on MacConkey agar and they are oxidase positive. It also aids to differentiate Vibrio cholerae (positive) from other Vibrio species (negative). Colony morphology, oxidase test positive and string test positive are very useful for conformation of Vibrio cholerae.

 

Listeria on blood agar

Listeria on blood agar

Listeria monocytogenes in Hanging Drop Preparation

Listeria in Hanging Drop Preparation

Listeria monocytogenes haemolytic colonies on blood agar

Listeria monocytogenes haemolytic colonies on blood agar

 

Modified Hodge Test (MHT): Positive

Modified Hodge Test (MHT): Positive

Micrococcus luteus growth on nutrient agar

Micrococcus luteus growth on nutrient agar

Morganella morganii on MacConkey medium

Morganella morganii on MacConkey medium

Mucoid colony of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey medium (MAC)

  • Oxidase test: Positive
  • TSI test
  • MIU test
  • Urease test

Mucoid colony of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey medium (MAC) and its biochemical tests, oxidase, TSI, MIU and Urease

Biochemical Tests of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-

  • TSI test
  • MIU test
  • Urease test

 Biochemical Tests of Pseudomonas aeruginosa- TSI test MIU test Urease test

 

MIC of Polymyxin B and Colistin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

MIC of Polymyxin B and Colistin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid colony on MacConkey medium of sputum sample

Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid colony on MacConkey medium of sputum sample

The mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey agar of sputum specimen

Mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey agar of sputum specimen

Salmonella Typhi nalidixic acid sensitive strain (NASS)-

Salmonella Typhi nalidixic acid sensitive strain (NASS)

Nalidixic acid resistant strain (NARS) of Salmonella Typhi

Nalidixic acid resitance strain (NARS) of Salmonella Typhi

Neisseria gonorrhoeae on blood agar from urethral discharge

Neisseria gonorrhoeae on blood agar from urethral discharge

Neisseria gonorrhoeae AST on blood agar

Neisseria gonorrhoeae AST on blood agar

Pandrug-resistant (PDR) strain of bacteria, in reference to our laboratory antimicrobial availability-

Pandrug-resistant (PDR) strain of bacteria

A reddish-brown pigment pyorubin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey medium

A reddish-brown pigment pyorubin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MacConkey medium

Pigments of various anaerobic bacteria

Pigments of various anaerobic bacteria

Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram-stained smear of culture showing Gram-positive diplococci,  lanceolate appearance, and also evidence of capsule

Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram stained smear of culture showing Gram positive diplococci, Lanceolate appearance and also evidence of capsule

Propionibacterium Gram-Positive Rods

Propionibacterium Gram Positive Rods

Proteus Gram-Negative Rods

Proteus Gram Negative Rods

 

Providencia rettgeri biochemical tests-

  1. TSI test
  2. SIM test
  3. Urease test
  4. Citrate utilization test

Providencia rettgeri biochemical tests

Providencia rettgeri growth on MHA

Providencia rettgeri growth on MHA

Providencia rettgeri growth on MHA, biochemical tests, and AST pattern

Providencia rettgeri growth on MHA, biochemical tests and AST pattern

Pus cells and large GNB in sputum Gram-stained smear

Pus cells and large GNB in sputum Gram stained smear

 

 

Rothia on MHA

Rothia on MHA

Rothia on chocolate agar

Rothia on chocolate agar

Rothia AST

Rothia AST

Rothia strong adherence to the solid medium substrate-

Rothia strong adherence to the solid medium substrate

 

Rothia antibiogram

Rothia antibiogram

 

Rothia colonies are not dissolving in normal saline

Rothia colonies are not dissolving in normal saline

 

  Rothia in Gram stain stained smear of culture

 Rothia in Gram stain stained smear of culture

 

 

No growth of Rothia in 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) after 2 days of incubation-

No growth of Rothia in 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) after 2 days of incubation

 

No growth of Rothia on MSA

No growth of Rothia on MSA

 

Rothia on blood agar-

Rothia on blood agar

 

Streptococcus urinalis on blood agar of urine specimen

Streptococcus urinalis on blood agar of urine specimen

 

 

S. urinalis in Gram-stained Smear of culture-

S. urinalis in Gram stained Smear of culture

 

 

Streptococcus urinalis

Vancomycin: Sensitive

Vancomycin Sensitive Streptococcus urinalis

 

Streptococcus urinalis

Bile esculin (BE): Positive

Streptococcus urinalis Bile esculin (BE)-Positive

 

Streptococcus urinalis growth in 6.5%  sodium chloride (NaCl) broth-

Streptococcus urinalis growth in 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) broth

 

Streptococcus urinalis Antibiogram-

Streptococcus urinalis Antibiogram

 

S. urinalis antibiogram

S. urinalis antibiogram

 

 

Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi in Gram Stained Smear of Culture-

Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi in Gram Stained Smear of Culture

 

 

Salmonella Typhi and Shigella boydii on XLD agar-

Salmonella and Shigella on XLD agar

 

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi on MacConkey medium

Salmonella enterica serotypeTyphi on MacConkey medium

 

Salmonella Typhi growth on MacConkey medium, biochemical tests, and AST pattern-

Salmonella Typhi growth on MacConkey medium, biochemical tests and AST pattern

 

Biochemical tests  of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi

Biochemical tests of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi

 

AST pattern of Salmonella Typhi

AST pattern of Salmonella Typhi

 

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Novobiocin:  Resistance

Staphylococcus saprophyticus novobiocin resistance

 

Serratia marcescens growth on MHA after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C lacking pigment expression-

Serratia marcescens growth on MHA after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C lacking pigment expression

 

Serratia marcescens growth on MHA after 24 hours of incubation at room temperature ( 25°C) showing pigment expression-

Serratia marcescens growth on MHA after 24 hours of incubation at room temperature ( 25°C) showing pigment expression

 

Serratia marcescens growth on MHA after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C lacking pigment expression while at room temperature (25°C) showing pigment (prodigiosin) expression-

Serratia marcescens growth on MHA after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C lacking pigment expression while at room temperature (25°C) showing pigment (prodigiosin) expression

 

 

Shigella boydii in XLD agar

Shigella boydii in XLD agar

 

Shigella boydii on MAC

Shigella boydii on MAC

Proteus vulgaris on SS agar showing black colonies-

Proteus vulgaris on SS agar showing black colonies

 

 

Salmonella Typhi and Shigell flexneri growth on XLD agar-

almonella Typhi and Shigell flexneri growth on XLD agar

 

Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhi growth on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar-

Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhi growth on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar

 

Proteus vulgaris on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar-

Proteus vulgaris on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar

 

S. boydii in XLD agar

S. boydii in XLD agar

SS agar, XLD, and Sorbitol MacConkey medium with various organisms like Salmonella, Shigella, and Proteus-

SS agar, XLD and Sorbitol MacConkey medium with various organisms like Salmonella, Shigella and Proteus

 

Sphingobacterium  mizutii isolation

Sphingobacterium mizutii isolation

 

Sphingobacterium antibiogram-

Sphingobacterium antibiogram

 

Sphingobacterium AST Pattern-Extra

Sphingobacterium AST Pattern

 

Sphingobacterium  mizutii on chocolate agar

Sphingobacterium mizutii on chocolate agar

 

Sphingobacterium  mizutii on blood agar

Sphingobacterium mizutii on blood agar

 

Sphingobacterium  mizutii lacking growth on MacConkey medium-

Sphingobacterium  mizutii lacking growth  on MacConkey medium

 

Sphingobacterium  mizutii-Special Features

Sphingobacterium mizutii-Special Features

 

Sporulated Gram-positive rods in Gram-stained Smear of culture

Sporulated Gram positive rods in Gram stained Smear of culture

 

Sporulated bacillus growth on blood agar-

Sporulated bacillus growth on blood agar

 

Gram-positive diplococci in Gram-stained smear of sputum

Gram positive diplococci in Gram stained smear of sputum

 

Staphylococcus saprophyticus in Gram-stained smear of culture

Staphylococcus saprophyticus in Gram stained smear of culture

 

Staphylococcus aureus on Nutrient agar

Staphylococcus aureus on Nutrient agar

 

Vibrio cholerae colonies on TCBS agar are changing due to longer incubation (72 hours)-

Vibrio cholerae colonies on TCBS agar are changing due to longer incubation (72 hours)

 

Contd.

 

[12862 visitors]

Comments

© 2024 Universe84a.com | All Rights Reserved

10374535

Visitors